Fistula Laser Treatment In Hyderabad
Understanding Anal Fistula: Causes, Structure & Meaning
An anal fistula is a small tunnel that forms between the skin around the anus and the anal canal, often due to an infection or abscess that didn’t heal properly. This abnormal connection can lead to discomfort, discharge, and repeated infections if not treated on time.
What Exactly is Anal Fistula
In simple terms, an anal fistula is like a track or pathway that develops when a pus-filled abscess near the anus bursts or is drained, leaving behind a hollow tunnel. This tunnel connects the inside of the anus to the outer skin, which may keep releasing fluid or pus.
It is a chronic medical condition that usually does not heal on its own and often requires surgical or laser treatment.
Key Points To Understand
- An anal fistula is not the same as hemorrhoids (piles)
- It is usually the result of infection in the anal glands
- It may cause continuous discharge, pain, and swelling
- Without proper treatment, it can lead to repeated abscesses and complications
Why Is Early Diagnosis Important
The earlier a fistula is diagnosed, the better the treatment results. If ignored, it can grow deeper, create multiple tracts, and even affect the anal sphincter muscles, making treatment more complex.
Different Types Of Fistula You Should Know About
An anal fistula is a tunnel that forms between the inside of the anus and the skin around it. These fistulas can take different paths, and each type needs a specific treatment approach. Knowing the type helps doctors plan the right and safe treatment, especially when choosing between surgery and laser options.
Main Types of Anal Fistula
Intersphincteric Fistula
- The most common type
- Tunnel runs between the internal and external sphincter muscles
- Usually simple and easier to treat
Transsphicteric Fistula
- The tunnel crosses both anal sphincter muscles
- Opens on the skin outside the anus
- May need careful treatment to avoid muscle damage
Suprasphincteric Fistula
- Tunnel goes above the external sphincter muscle
- More complex and deeper
- Often needs advanced surgical or laser treatment
Extrasphincteric Fistula
- Rare type
- Tunnel begins in the rectum, bypasses the sphincters, and reaches the skin
- Usually caused by injury, Crohn’s disease, or past surgery
Why Its Important To Know The Type
- Accurate diagnosis = better treatment plan
- Helps avoid damage to anal muscles
- Reduces risk of fistula coming back
- Speeds up healing and reduces discomfort
Signs & Symptoms That Indicate You May Have a Fistula
An anal fistula can cause ongoing discomfort and infection if not treated early. Knowing the warning signs can help you get the right treatment before it gets worse. Below are the most common symptoms that may suggest you have a fistula near the anus.
Common Symptoms of an Anal Fistula
- Pus or Fluid Discharge
- List Pain or Discomfort
- Redness and Swelling
- A Small Opening or Lump
- Irritation or Itching
- Bleeding (in some cases)
- Fever or Fatigue (in severe cases)
When to See a Doctor
If you have persistent pain, fluid discharge, or a recurring boil near the anus, it’s time to consult a fistula specialist. Delaying treatment can lead to further complications.
What Causes Anal Fistula
An anal fistula is often the result of an infection near the anus that doesn’t heal properly. Over time, this infection can form a tunnel between the inside of the anal canal and the skin outside. This tunnel is what doctors call a fistula.
Understanding the main causes can help you spot the problem early and get the right treatment.
Top Causes of Anal Fistula
- Anal Abscess (Infection)
- Repeated Infections
- Crohn’s Disease
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Injury or Trauma
- Radiation Therapy
- Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
- List Item
Know the Risk, Act Early
If you’re experiencing pain, pus, or swelling near your anus, don’t ignore it. These could be early signs of a fistula. Timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and reduce discomfort.
Top Risk Factors for Developing an Anal Fistula
- History of Anal Abscess
- Chronic Constipation or Straining
- Crohn’s Disease
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Previous Anal Surgery or Injury
- Radiation to the Pelvic Area
- Men (More Than Women)
- Weakened Immune System
What Can Happen if You Don't Treat a Fistula
- Repeated Infections
- Abscess Formation
- Skin Irritation and Leakage
- Multiple Tracts or Complex Fistula
- Damage to Anal Muscles
- Systemic Infection (Rare but Serious)
Don’t Wait for It to Get Worse : Early treatment of a fistula is quick, simple, and much safer. Waiting too long can mean more pain, longer healing, and more complex surgery.
How Doctors Diagnose an Anal Fistula
- Medical History
- Physical Examination
- Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
- Proctoscopy or Anoscopy
- Imaging Tests (if needed)-MRI Fistulogram-Ultrasound (Endoanal or Perineal)
- Examination Under Anesthesia (EUA)
Why Proper Diagnosis Matters
- Helps identify simple vs. complex fistula
- Prevents damage to anal muscles during surgery
- Reduces the risk of recurrence
- Ensures the right type of treatment – surgery or laser
Best Treatment Options for Anal Fistula
An anal fistula doesn’t go away on its own. It needs medical treatment to prevent infection, pain, and other problems. The good news is that there are safe and effective treatments available — from traditional surgery to advanced laser techniques.
Types of Fistula Treatment
- Laser Fistula Treatment (FiLaC): This modern, painless method uses laser energy to seal the fistula from inside. It involves no cuts, no stitches, and offers quick recovery.
- Fistulotomy: A traditional surgical method where the fistula tract is opened and cleaned. It works well for simple, low-lying fistulas.
- Seton Placement : A soft thread is placed in the fistula to keep it open and drain infection. It’s useful for complex cases and helps protect anal muscles.
- LIFT Procedure: This muscle-sparing technique removes the fistula without cutting important muscles. It is ideal for deep or complicated fistulas.
- Fibrin Glue or Anal Fistula Plug:The fistula is filled with glue or a plug to close the tract naturally. It’s a non-surgical option but may have a higher recurrence rate.